شرح لبعض ازمنه اللغه الانجليزيه(الدرس الاول)

Simple Present

يتكون زمن المضارع البسيط من الفعل في المصدر مع اضافه s للفعل عندما يكون الفاعل مفرد غائب ( he , she ,it)


FORM Simple Present

EXAMPLE: to run
I run
you run
he runs
she runs
it runs
we run
they run


استخداماته
USE 1 Repeated Actions
الافعال المتكرره

يسنخدم المضارع البسيط للتعبير عن فعل يتكررعاده. الفعل ممكن ان يكون عاده او هوايه او فعل يتكرر كل يوم او فعل مؤكد حدوثه او شىء غالبا ما يحدث .
ممكن ان يعبر ايضا عن شىء غالبا ما ينساه الفرد او لا يفعله



Use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is repeated or usual. The action can be a habit, a hobby, a daily event, a scheduled event or something that often happens. It can also be something a person often forgets or usually does
.not do

:EXAMPLES
لاحظ اضافه s عندما يكون الفاعل مفرد غائب



.I play tennis

.She does not play tennis

.The train leaves every morning at 8 am

.The train does not leave at 9am

.She always forgets her purse

.He never forgets his wallet

.Every twelve months, the Earth circles the sun

.The sun does not circle the Earth


USE 2 Facts or Generalizations
حقائق او التعميمات


يستخدم المضارع البسيط اذا كان المتحدث يعتقد الامر صحيح من قبل و صحيح الان و سوف يكون صحيح في المستقبل. ولا يهم اذا كان كلام المتحدث سليما ام لا .
يستخدم ايضالاصدار التعميمات عن الناس أوالأشياء .
The Simple Present can also indicate the speaker believes that a fact was true before, is true now, and will be true in the future. It is not important if the speaker is correct about the fact. It is also used to make generalizations about people
.or things




:EXAMPLES





.Cats like milk

.Birds do not like milk

.The sun rises from the east

.California is in America

.California isnot in the United Kingdom

.Windows are made of glass

.Windows are not made of wood

.New York is a small city
(.It is not important that this fact is untrue)


(USE 3 Now (Non-Continuous Verbs

قد يستخدم المضارع البسيط للتعبير عن حدث ممكن ان يحدث او لا يحدث الان.
وهذه الحاله تكون مصحوبه ب Non-continuous ,Mixed Verbs


Sometimes speakers use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is happening or is not happening now. This can only be done with Non-continuous Verbs and certain Mixed Verbs.



:EXAMPLES




.I am here now

.She is not here now

.He needs help right now

.He does not need help now

.He has a car


ACTIVE / PASSIVE Simple Present
:EXAMPLES




Once a week, Tom cleans the car. ACTIVE

Once a week, the car is cleaned by Tom. PASSIVE


Present Continuous



FORM Present Continuous
يتكون زمن المضارع المستمرمن فعل يكون TO BE ثم الفعل مضافا اليه ING


[AM / IS / ARE] + [VERB+ing]

EXAMPLES:

.I am watching TV

He is quickly learning the language.


ملاحظه:عند استخدام باكثر من جزء ياتي الظرف بين الجزء الاول و الثاني
NOTE: When you are using a verb tense with more than one part such as Present Continuous (is learning), adverbs often come between the first part and the second part (is quickly learning).



استخداماته


USE 1 Now

يستخدم زمن المضارع المستمر للتعبير عن فعل يحدث الان او لا يحدث الان

Use the Present Continuous with Continuous Verbs to express the idea that something is happening now, at this very moment. It can also be used to show that something is not happening now.



EXAMPLES:



.You are learning English now

.You are not swimming now

.I am sitting

.I am not standing

.They are reading their books

.They are not watching television

؟What are you doing

؟Why aren't you doing your homework



USE 2 Longer Actions in Progress Now

في اللغه الانجليزيه كلمه الان ممكن ان تعني هذه اللحظه او اليوم او هذا الشهر اوهذا العام او هذا القرن و هكذا. احيانا نستخدم المضارع المستمر لنقول اننا عمل ما و العمل يسير قدما . من الممكن اننا لا نقوم بالفعل لحظه الكلام

In English, now can mean "this second," "today," "this month," "this year," "this century" and so on. Sometimes we use the Present Continuous to say that we are in the process of doing a longer action which is in progress; however, we might not be doing it at this exact second.

EXAMPLES: (All of these
(.sentences can be said while eating dinner in a restaurant


.I am studying to become a doctor

.I am not studying to become a dentist

.I am reading the book Tom Sawyer

.I am not reading any books right now

؟Are you working on any special projects at work

؟Aren't you teaching at the University now





USE 3 Near Future



يستخدم المضارع المستمر للتعبير عن شىء سوف يحدث او لا يحدث في المستقبل القريب

Sometimes, speakers use the Present Continuous to indicate that something will or will not happen in the near future


EXAMPLES

I am meeting some friends after work

I am not going to the party tonight

Is he visiting his parents next weekend

Isn't he coming with us tonight


"USE 4 Repetition and Irritation with "Always

قد يأتي المضارع المستمر مصحوبا بكلمه مثل always او constantly بمعني دائما ليعبر عن صدمه او مفاجأه غالبا ما تحدث و هو يؤدي معني قريب في هذه الحاله من المضارع البسيط لكن للتعبير عن المشاعر السلبيه. تذكر يجب و ضع كلمه always بين verb to BE و verb+ing



The Present Continuous with words such as "always" or "constantly" expresses the idea that something irritating or shocking often happens. Notice that the meaning is like Simple Present but with negative emotion. Remember to put the words "always" or "constantly" between "be" and "verb+ing."




:EXAMPLES




She is always coming to class late

He is constantly talking. I wish he would shut up

I don't like them because they are always complaining



ACTIVE / PASSIVE Present Continuous


:EXAMPLES

Right now, Tom is writing the letter. ACTIVE

Right now, the letter is being written by Tom. PASSIVE