Tips for Staying Healthy before international travel معلومات مهمة قبل السفر الى مناطق موبوئة

Your doctor will review the plans for your trip and decide if you need any vaccines. The vaccines you got when you were a child also may need to be updated if you are not fully protected. Vaccines that may be needed to protect you include the following:

• Hepatitis A or hepatitis A immune globulin
  
• Hepatitis B
  
• Influenza (the flu)
  
• Japanese encephalitis
  
• Measles-mumps-rubella
  
• Meningococcal meningitis
  
• Pneumococcal
  
• Polio
  
• Rabies
  
• Tetanus and diphtheria toxoids
  
• Typhoid fever
  
• Varicella (chickenpox)
  
• Yellow fever
  
  A note about vaccines
  
  Sometimes the amount of a certain vaccine cannot keep up with the number of people who need it. More info...
  
  
  While you're traveling
  

• Eat carefully if you're going to a country with an increased risk of traveler's diarrhea. Steaming-hot, well-cooked food is usually safest. Avoid eating foods from street vendors, unpasteurized dairy products and raw or uncooked seafood. Peel fruits yourself. Drink water from commercially-sealed bottles or drink carbonated beverages. Avoid ice. Use bottled water when you brush your teeth.
  
• If you're going to a country with a risk of malaria, your doctor may prescribe preventive medicine for malaria. Remember to start taking your malaria medicine before you leave on your trip, take it during your travels and keep taking it for 4 weeks after you get home.
  
• Avoid swimming and other water activities in freshwater lakes and streams. Schistosomiasis (also called bilharziasis) is a disease you might be exposed to in some African streams and lakes.
  
• If you're going to a country with an increased risk of mosquito-borne disease, protect yourself against insects. Insect repellents that contain DEET work the best. Wear permethrin-coated clothing and use bed nets while you sleep.
  
• Try to avoid taking overcrowded transportation. Try not to ride in vehicles without safety belts. Wear a helmet if you'll be riding a motorcycle. Try to avoid driving at night or in unfamiliar areas without local help and directions.
  
  
  Things to include in a first-aid kit for traveling
  

• Your prescription medicines, in their original containers.
  
• Medicine for diarrhea and upset stomach. Talk to your doctor about getting a prescription for an antibiotic you can take in case you get traveler's diarrhea. Pack bismuth subsalicylate (brand name: Pepto Bismol), loperamide (brand name: Imodium) and antacids.
  
• Cough and cold medicines.
  
• Pain medicines, such as aspirin, acetaminophen (one brand name: Tylenol), naproxen (brand name: Aleve), ibuprofen (one brand name: Motrin) or ketoprofen (brand name: Orudis KT).
  
• Decongestants and antihistamines for allergies. The kinds that don't cause sleepiness are better when you're traveling.
  
• Antibiotic ointment, adhesive bandages, hydrocortisone cream, moleskin for blisters, sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of at least 15 and lip balm.
  
• Medicine for motion sickness, such as dimenhydrinate (one brand name: Dramamine), and an antinausea drug like promethazine (brand name: Phenergan). Acetazolamide (brand name: Diamox) may help prevent altitude sickness.
  
• Scissors, tweezers, nail clippers, pocket knife, thermometer and a mirror.
  
• Hand wipes and hand sanitizers.
  
  Other Organizations
  
  
• World Health Organization
  http://www.who.int/ith
  
• International Society of Travel Medicine
  http://www.istm.org